Reported Speech (English)

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

REPORTED SPEECH

1. Tenses

Direct	->	Indirect
Present	->	Past tense
Present continuous	->	Past continuous
Past tense	->	Past perfect
Present perfect	->	Past perfect

2. Adverb of place

Direct	->	Indirect
This	->	That
Here	->	There
There	->	There

3. Adverb of time

 

Direct	->	Indirect
Now	->	Then
Tomorrow	->	The following day/the day after
Yesterday	->	The previous day/the day before
Last	->	The ___ before/the previous ___
Next	->	The ___ after/the following ___

4. Subject

 

Direct	->	Indirect
I	->	He/she/my
She	->	Her
He	->	His
You	->	Your

A. Statement

Direct	->	Indirect
He, “I am happy.”	->	He said that he was happy.
She, “I go to school everyday.”	->	She said that she went to school everyday.
Tom, “My father was at home yesterday.”	->	Tom said that his father had been at home the previous day.
Mary, “I went to Jakarta last week.”	->	She said that she had gone to Jakarta the week before.
He, “I don’t like apple.”	->	He said that he didn’t like apple.
She, “I can drive.”	->	She said that she could drive.

B. Questions

 

Direct	->	Indirect
He, “Are you happy?”	->	He asked me if I was happy.
She, “Do you like apple?”	->	She asked me if I liked apple.
He, “Can you drive?”	->	He asked me whether I could drive.
He, “What is your name?”	->	He asked me what my name was.
She, “Where do you live?”	->	She asked me where I lived.
Tom, “Why do you love me?”	->	Tom asked me why I loved him.

Note:

For to-be/auxiliary/modals, use if/whether.

For what/where/when/why/who/how, use what/where/when/why/who/how.

C. Imperative

Direct	->	Indirect
He, “Please come in!”	->	He told me to come in.
She, “Can you open the door, please?”	->	She told me to open the door.
He, “Be quiet!”	->	He told me to be quiet.
She, “Don’t cheat!”	->	She told me not to cheat.
He, “Don’t touch me.”	->	He told me not to touch him.